D-brane and exponential potentials inspire warm inflation and swampland conjecture

This research explores the rapid expansion period of the early universe by applying the Chaplygin gas model, an alternative cosmological framework, to analyze the dynamics of inflationary processes. This study assesses the compatibility of three widely studied scalar field potentials with the latest observational constraints derived from the Planck datasets. Our analysis includes inflationary parameters such as slow-roll parameters, scalar power spectrum P R , scalar spectral index n s , dissipative ratio R , tensor-to-scalar ratio r and running of the scalar spectral index d n s d ln ⁡ k , within the theoretical frameworks of canonical scalar field dynamics and the Chaplygin gas cosmological model. These parameters help to paint a comprehensive picture of the inflationary epoch and its impact on the observable Universe. We also address the generalized ratio of the swampland de-Sitter conjecture through the expression of T ′ V V ′ T for three different potentials. We analyze inflation driven by a scalar field ϕ with decay rate Γ ( ϕ , T ) = C ϕ T a ϕ a − 1 , where C ϕ is a dimensionless coupling and a controls dissipation strength. Working in the strong dissipative regime ( R ≫ 1 ), we systematically investigate the background evolution and perturbation spectrum, deriving inflationary observables.