Innovative approaches to lithium extraction in Iran: Assessing resource potential and sustainable practices for a competitive future

• Iran's lithium reserves exceed 8.5 million tons, highlighting significant resource potential. • Innovative extraction methods like DLE enhance recovery rates and reduce environmental impact. • Brine-based recovery techniques are economically viable and sustainable for lithium production. • Research addresses high water consumption challenges with proposed sustainable practices. • Findings provide a roadmap for Iran to become a competitive player in the global lithium market. The escalating global demand for lithium, driven by its critical role in energy storage and electric vehicle technologies, necessitates the exploration of new extraction methods and resource management strategies. This research investigates the lithium extraction potential in Iran, a country endowed with significant mineral brine resources. The study employs a comprehensive analysis of various extraction techniques, with a particular emphasis on brine-based recovery methods, which are increasingly recognized for their economic viability and lower environmental impact. Key findings reveal that Iran possesses over 8.5 million tons of lithium-bearing resources, with an average concentration of 60 to 70 ppm, underscoring the region's strategic importance in lithium processing and its potential to emerge as a key player in the global lithium market. The research identifies innovative extraction technologies, such as direct lithium extraction (DLE) and biosorption techniques, which promise to enhance recovery rates while minimizing ecological footprints. These methods represent significant advancements over traditional extraction techniques, offering pathways to more sustainable lithium production. The study also addresses challenges associated with high water consumption and fluctuating global prices, proposing sustainable practices to mitigate these issues. By integrating advanced technologies and resource-efficient practices, the research emphasizes the importance of strategic investment in the lithium sector. This approach aims not only to maximize economic benefits but also to ensure environmental stewardship, aligning with global sustainability goals. Ultimately, the results contribute to a deeper understanding of Iran's lithium resource potential and provide a roadmap for developing a competitive lithium industry. The findings underscore the necessity for innovative practices in lithium extraction, positioning Iran to meet the growing demands of the international market while fostering sustainable development.