Black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii) population density, recruitment, size structure, and population growth at Naval Base Ventura County, San Nicolas Island, California, 2013–22

The range of the endangered black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii) is divided into the North Central California region, the Central California region, the Southern California Mainland region, the Channel Islands region, and the Baja California region by the National Marine Fisheries Service for management purposes.San Nicolas Island is one of eight subregions of the Channel Islands region.The black abalone recovery plan establishes five demographic criteria for the possible delisting or downlisting of the species.The U.S. Geological Survey monitors nine long-term intertidal black abalone sites at San Nicolas Island, California, in cooperation with the U.S. Navy, which owns the island.This report uses data collected between 2013 and 2022 and the delisting criteria to analyze and describe the density, recruitment, size structure, and population trends at the nine U.S. Geological Survey monitoring sites at San Nicolas Island.