Control of a Liquid Level System Based on a Proportional-Sum Controller Using Whale Optimizer

This study is about controlling the liquid level in water tanks, which is one of the challenges in the industry.A nonlinear analytical model is derived and validated against linearized continuous-time and discrete-time models, demonstrating their equivalence under nominal conditions.The classical method for tuning a discrete-time proportional-sum controller was applied, with gains tuned via the Ziegler-Nichols method.Additionally, the controller's parameters were fine-tuned by using the whale optimization algorithm.Simulation results for the tank system are presented.While Ziegler-Nichols gives a decent base, it can be said that optimization of the controller parameters should be recommended when dealing with similar problems in real-life situations.Results reveal that the optimized controller reduces the sum of squared errors compared to the classical controller, achieving superior accuracy.