Quantifying global energy resilience and its carbon reduction effect: The role of technological innovation

By utilizing a global sample of 160 countries from 2000 to 2021, this study first identifies the spatial-temporal characteristics of energy resilience from four dimensions: energy supply resilience, energy consumption resilience, energy security resilience, and energy vulnerability resilience. And its potential effect on carbon emissions (CO 2 ). We find the negative impact of energy resilience on CO 2 . This study uses the World Bank's classification of income levels of countries globally to categorize the countries within the sample into four groups. The results indicate that the degree of economic growth among the countries and regions directly correlates with how much energy resilience affects CO 2 . In addition, the mediation analysis reveals the crucial influence of technological innovation on energy resilience affecting CO 2 . The study provides an essential reference basis for global CO 2 reduction and offers new ideas and methods for coping with climate change from the perspective of energy resilience. • We construct the global energy resilience index. • Energy resilience can effectively reduce carbon emissions (CO 2 ). • The level of economy affects the relationship between energy resilience and CO 2 . • Higher levels of energy resilience can be more effective in reducing CO 2 . • Technological innovation can be seen as an effective mediator.