STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC STUDY OF KINSHIP TERMS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

This article is dedicated to the examination of kinship terms in the Russian language, focusing on their semantic system and grammatical structure. The study analyzes the main categories of terms, their meanings and functions within the language, as well as the grammatical features of expressing kinship relationships. Both conventional terms (e.g., mother, father, brother, sister) and extended terms (e.g., uncle, aunt, cousin) are considered. Drawing on examples from various texts and spoken language, the research reveals cultural and sociolinguistic aspects related to the concepts of kinship. Based on the analyzed material, it concludes that kinship terms significantly influence the linguistic structure and cultural representations of the people. The focus is on the semantic component manifesting relationships in words related to kinship ties. The lexico-semantic group of familial relationships identifies three categories: blood, marital, and spiritual kinship, with emphasis on the differential semes for each type. The basic lexemes under consideration are the verbs "rodnit" (to connect by blood) and "rodnitsya" (to become related), derived from the word "rod" (kin). The analysis demonstrates that each of these verbs contains unique semantic meanings reflecting various aspects of kinship. The study provides a deep understanding of the semantics of kinship relationships and their linguistic representation in the Russian language.