Eficiencia de los sistemas de cultivo hidropónico en entornos urbanos

This study systematically reviews the efficiency of hydroponic growing systems in urban environments in response to the current challenges of food security, water scarcity and urbanization. Through a critical analysis of scientific literature indexed in Scopus and Web of Science, key indicators such as efficient use of water and space, high productivity per unit area, and quality of the products obtained are identified. The capacity of hydroponics to reduce water consumption by up to 90% and to multiply production in reduced spaces through vertical cultivation is highlighted. However, significant limitations are also evident, such as high initial costs, energy consumption and the need for specialized technical knowledge. The review concludes that the success of urban hydroponics depends on an articulation between financing, training, regulatory frameworks and urban planning. This technology emerges as a viable strategy to transform urban food systems towards sustainable and resilient models.