Clinical Evaluation of Early Screening and Diagnostic Methods for Refractive Errors in Children

Introduction: One sort of visual issue that impairs vision clarity is refractive errors.It occurs when an eye's morphology prevents light from properly concentrating on the retina.Predicting a child's refractive error with accuracy is essential for identifying amblyopia, a condition that can cause irreversible vision loss but may be treated if caught early. Objective:The most crucial elements for effective screening are a precise prediction algorithm and simple access to photo screening applications. Method:In this study, we proposed a novel Kookaburra-optimized lightweight dense convolutional neural network (KO-LDCNN) to forecast children's refractive error range.We are utilizing data from eccentric photorefraction images that were taken using a smartphone.Using cycloplegic refraction to quantify spherical values, photorefraction images were classified into several groups.The collected data noise