Design and development of an optimized underwater forensic robot aimed at enhancing the detection of submerged human remains

Underwater forensic robotics has emerged as a transformative tool in the detection, location, and recovery of submerged human remains, addressing the limitations of traditional forensic methods in aquatic environments. This paper provides a comprehensive review of advancements in underwater forensic robotics, focusing on three key areas, design, optimization, and enhanced detection techniques. The design of these robotic systems incorporates pressure- resistant materials, advanced sensors, and efficient power systems to ensure durability and performance in challenging underwater conditions. Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs), Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), and hybrid systems are explored for their unique capabilities in forensic investigations. Optimization techniques, including sensor integration, navigation systems, and energy efficiency, are discussed to highlight improvements in operational effectiveness. Enhanced detection methods, such as 3D sonar imaging, chemical sensors, and AI-driven pattern recognition, are examined for their role in improving the accuracy and efficiency of locating human remains. Case studies demonstrate the successful application of these technologies in real-world scenarios, underscoring their practical significance. Despite these advancements, challenges such as environmental factors, technical limitations, and ethical considerations persist. Future directions include the development of Swarm robotics, Biomimetic designs, and interdisciplinary collaboration to further enhance the capabilities of underwater forensic robotics. This review underscores the critical role of robotics in advancing underwater forensics and highlights the need for continued innovation to address existing challenges and expand the potential applications of these technologies.