Optimal Decision of Fresh Product Supply Chain Considering Preservation Effort under Different Power Structures

本文由单一生产商和单一零售商构成生鲜产品供应链，在生产商和零售商同时对产品提供保鲜的情形下，考虑产品新鲜度随时间动态变化。根据不同权力结构即生产商主导和零售商主导，通过构建微分博弈模型，探究不同权力结构对生鲜产品供应链决策的影响。研究发现：(1) 集中决策可实现供应链利润最大化与资源最优配置，生鲜产品零售价格最低、新鲜度最高。(2) 分散决策中，生产商主导模式下产品新鲜度与总利润优于零售商主导，但零售价格保持不变。(3) 消费者偏好通过价格与新鲜度敏感系数差异化影响决策，价格敏感性提升抑制保鲜投入，降低新鲜度与利润，新鲜度敏感性增强则激励保鲜，推动利润增长。This paper constructs a supply chain of fresh products consisting of a single producer and a single retailer. Under the condition that both the producer and the retailer provide preservation efforts for the product, the dynamic change of freshness over time is considered. By establishing a differential game model under different power structures, namely producer-led and retailer-led, the impact of different power structures on the decision-making of the supply chain is explored. The research findings are as follows: (1) Centralized decision-making can achieve the maximization of supply chain profits and the optimal allocation of resources, with the lowest retail price and the highest freshness of fresh products. (2) In decentralized decision-making, the producer-led mode has better product freshness and total profit than the retailer-led mode, but the retail price remains unchanged. (3) Consumer preferences differentially affect decisions through price and freshness sensitivity coefficients. An increase in price sensitivity inhibits preservation investment, reducing freshness and profits, while an increase in freshness sensitivity encourages preservation and promotes profit growth.