An overview of treatment for temporomandibular disc displacement including disc reduction

This article reviews the various treatment options for anterior temporomandibular joint disc displacement, including disc reduction. These options include functional splints, anchorage, arthroscopy, combined orthodontic and disc repositioning, and combined orthognathic and disc repositioning. This article summarizes and analyses the indications, advantages, disadvantages, clinical efficacy, and available supportive trials of each treatment option. The objective of this study is to guide clinicians in the fields of temporomandibular joint orthognathic and orthodontics in their multidisciplinary diagnosis and combined treatment planning. Additionally, the article serves as a comprehensive reference for the selection of treatment options for clinicians. Conservative treatments can provide symptomatic relief, but it is difficult to reposition the disc. Arthroscopy or anchorage techniques can effectively reposition disc displacement, laying the foundation for subsequent treatment. The use of conservative treatments after surgery, combined with orthodontic and orthognathic treatment, can facilitate the promotion of effects and the prevention of recurrence. However, further research is needed to investigate long-term outcome, such as the impact of early intervention in adolescents on facial shape development.