From Agricultural wastes to green building blocks material: An overview

The construction industry faces mounting pressure to adopt sustainable alternatives to conventional, resource-intensive building materials, contributing significantly to global carbon emissions and environmental degradation. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the transformative potential of lignocellulosic agricultural waste in developing eco-friendly green building materials, including green concrete, bricks, insulation, geopolymers, and nanocellulose-reinforced composites. By critically evaluating recent advancements (2023–2025), we highlight how these waste-derived materials enhance mechanical properties, thermal insulation, and durability while reducing energy consumption and CO₂ emissions. Key innovations include the integration of rice husk ash, sugarcane bagasse, and wheat straw in cementitious composites, developing of lightweight lignocellulosic waste geopolymers, and of applying nanocellulose for high-performance reinforcement. These lignocellulosic waste-based building materials enhance sustainability, reduce costs, and optimize resource utilization. Despite challenges in scalability and long-term durability, this review underscores the viability of agricultural waste as a cornerstone for circular economy practices in construction. Future research should focus on standardization, industrial adoption, and lifecycle assessments to accelerate the transition toward carbon-neutral building practices.