Prevalence and Surgical Outcomes of Full-Thickness Macular Hole at Minia University Hospital

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) among patients attending the Ophthalmology Department of Minia University Hospital and to evaluate the anatomical and functional outcomes following standard 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for FTMH repair. Methods: This study involved 48 patients with full-thickness macular holes who underwent conventional three-port 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling at Minia University Hospital. Preoperative and postoperative assessments included best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, intraocular pressure measurement, dilated fundus examination, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography for macular morphology and hole closure.Multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) was performed to assess the amplitude of the main P1 wave. Primary outcomes were macular hole closure at 3 months. Secondary outcomes included postoperative BCVA and mfERG P1 amplitude at 3 months. Results: The study involved 32 females and 18 males, with a mean age of 59.88 ± 14.62 years. The etiology of FTMH was idiopathic, myopic, recurrent, and traumatic. After 3 months, 96% of eyes had macular hole closure. Postoperative BCVA showed significant improvement compared to preoperative BCVA. The mean postoperative mfERG P1 amplitude was significantly higher than preoperative amplitude. Postoperative IOP was not significantly different from preoperative IOP. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a high prevalence of FTMH among patients attending Minia University Hospital. Standard 23-gauge PPV with ILM peeling resulted in a high anatomical closure rate and significant functional improvement in terms of visual acuity and macular function as assessed by mfERG at 3 months postoperatively.