Urban Resilience Frameworks - Evolution, Applications, and Research Gaps in the Indian Context

Urban resilience has emerged as a central theme in planning discourse, driven by the escalating challenges of climate change, rapid urbanization, and social disparities. This paper critically examines the chronological evolution of urban resilience frameworks, tracing the shift from engineering-centric models to socio-ecological paradigms. Through a focused review of global frameworks and their applicability to Indian metropolitan contexts, the study highlights critical gaps—particularly the underrepresentation of socio-economic vulnerabilities and governance complexities unique to India. The research emphasizes the urgent need for a localized and integrative framework that moves beyond infrastructural resilience to include social, cultural, and political dimensions. This synthesis offers fresh insights for evolving resilient urban futures, especially in rapidly transforming economies like India.