Legal regulation of martial law and state of emergency in Ukraine

The article examines the regulatory and legal framework of legislation on martial law and the state of emergency in Ukraine. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the Constitution of Ukraine and the laws: «On the Legal Regime of Martial Law» and «On the Legal Regime of the State of Emergency», as well as relevant presidential decrees and resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers. The author focuses on problematic aspects of legal regulation, such as the insufficient clarity of the boundaries for restricting the rights and freedoms of citizens, which may contribute to abuses of power or excessive restrictions. The absence of clear criteria and procedures for the introduction and implementation of these regimes complicates the provision of a balance between national security protection and human rights compliance. The article also examines challenges related to adapting legislation to new information threats, which are becoming increasingly important in modern conditions. The author emphasizes the need to improve legislation to address modern challenges and ensure an effective response to them. The article highlights the importance of introducing monitoring and control mechanisms for observing human rights during the period of martial law or the state of emergency, as well as involving human rights organizations and independent experts in this process. This will help to increase the transparency of government actions, build public trust, and strengthen the state's defense capacity. The development of the regulatory and legal framework should be a comprehensive process that involves not only the creation of new legislative acts but also their constant analysis, assessment of effectiveness, and updating. The article also addresses challenges related to adapting legislation to modern threats, such as cyberattacks, informational aggression, and mass disinformation campaigns. The role of mass media during martial law and states of emergency is analyzed, particularly the restriction of their activities due to national security threats. The author emphasizes the necessity of developing a comprehensive approach to improving the regulatory and legal framework of Ukraine's legislation under conditions of martial law and the state of emergency. For this, a number of measures are necessary, including updating legislation, creating clear legal mechanisms for implementing restrictions, enhancing interagency coordination in the field of informational and cybersecurity, and developing tools for prior control over information dissemination. Key words: martial law, state of emergency, legal framework, restriction of rights and freedoms, information security, legislation, human rights monitoring.