Analysis of the Metrological Characteristics of a Coordinate Measuring Machine

The article analyzes the metrological characteristics of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) based on a systematic approach to assessing measurement errors and uncertainties. Coordinate measuring machines are key instruments in high-precision aerospace and mechanical engineering, as they enable to perform measurements of geometric parameters of products with high accuracy. However, measurement errors arise due to geometric, kinematic, thermal and random factors, which can significantly affect the accuracy of the obtained results. The study examines main sources of CMM errors, including geometric deviations of the guideways, backlash, thermal deformations, measurement system errors, and algorithmic inaccuracies. The impact of these factors on the metrological characteristics of the machine, particularly on measurement accuracy and repeatability is analyzed. Mathematical approach to estimating measurement uncertainty is proposed, taking into account the influence of systematic and random errors. Special attention is given to error correction using algorithmic methods and mathematical modeling. The possibilities of applying correction models to compensate geometric and thermomechanical CMM errors are described. The influence of probing parameters and software on the accuracy of coordinate measurements is also considered. The results of this study can be effectively applied to refine and enhance methodologies for evaluating the metrological characteristics of CMMs, optimize error correction algorithms, and develop improved standards aimed at increasing the accuracy and reliability of measurements. The proposed approach not only contributes to enhancing the efficiency of CMM applications in various industrial and scientific tasks but also ensures their compliance with modern metrological requirements, thereby supporting advancements in precision measurement technologies.