Enhencement of Energy Efficiency of Buildings by Finishing External Enclosing Structures with Heat-Absorbing Coatings

The article investigates the effectiveness of solar radiation technologies for improving the energy efficiency of buildings, taking into account climatic conditions. Based on the analysis of literature sources, it is established that the problem of energy saving in the construction sector is relevant and promising direction for its solution is the use of renewable energy sources, primarily solar radiation energy. A system is proposed that seasonally adapts to the needs of the building and does not require expensive high-tech equipment and maintenance. To decorate the walls of buildings that do not have sufficient thermal insulation and are oriented to the south, it is proposed to use paint with a high value of the solar radiation absorption coefficient. To prevent excess heat entering through the wall in summer, it is proposed to use vertical landscaping made of deciduous vines. Experimental studies of the effect of the external coating of building walls on the temperature of the outer side of the wall were carried out. It was found that in the climatic conditions of the Kharkiv region of Ukraine, on winter days, the temperature of the outer side of a south-facing red ceramic brick wall section can exceed the outdoor temperature by 19 °C in some periods under the condition of cloudless weather and low winds. An algorithm for calculating the reduction of heat loss from a room during the heating season as a result of the use of a coating with a high solar energy absorption coefficient was developed and tested. An assessment of the reduction in energy consumption during the heating season under the climatic characteristics of the territory of Ukraine was performed. It was found that during the heating season, the reduction in heat loss through the wall of a 15 m² room under the climatic characteristics of the research object’s location in case of using a coating with a high solar radiation absorption coefficient instead of a “cooling coating” reaches 142 kWh.