Sustainable Energy for Port Construction with Low Carbon Concrete from Industrial Symbiosis at WESTPORT Kwinana & BANTAENG Sulawesi

At Bantaeng in South Sulawesi and Kwinana in Western Australia new industrial scale ports will be built to serve the industrial precincts at these locations. At both these sites a 12Mtpa Geopolymer Concrete/cement? (GPC) plant is proposed for precast production of some 1,600 port modules as well as other infrastructure requiring some 750,000 cubic metre of (cum) of concrete and thereafter the plant can be repurposed for other products for local markets such as reef modules and wall panels. Geopolymer concrete can be the replacement for conventional concrete and be made from waste ceases to be waste based on specif conditions (waste-derived materials) while having a lower carbon footprint. The plant is designed to be operated by renewable energy and an energy audit estimated that a 1metric tonne per annum (Mtpa) geopolymer production plant needs up to 200 Gigawhatt hour (GWh) per annum (pa) to operate. This could be served by 6-10 onland wind turbines combined with solar PV farm at a total cost $4555 million USD. The electricity generated around $100/MWh was worth $12-20M pa that could result in a payback of 2-5 years. In Kwinana, planning is already underway for a large wind farm as part of the overall decarbonisation strategy for this industrial precinct. Feedstock materials can be harnessed for use in the geopolymer production plant by means of Circularity Hubs. These hubs can be established through the KIC4 and 6-Capitals models of Industrial Symbiosis to optimise the proposed geopolymer plant within the industrial precincts at Bantaeng and Kwinana. Such an approach can contribute to Regenerative Development when both ports are built.