Hybrid MPC-PID Controller to Control the Voltage of an Islanded AC Microgrid

This research introduces a hybrid control strategy combining Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control for voltage regulation in an islanded AC microgrid. The microgrid, comprising a Photovoltaic (PV) system, Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), a three-phase inverter, and an LC filter, utilizes MPC for precise inverter control and PID for managing energy flow between the PV system, BESS, and microgrid. Simulated results demonstrate that this hybrid MPC-PID controller significantly reduces voltage fluctuations and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) compared to conventional PI and MPC controllers. The system achieves voltage regulation within 213.8 V to 219.8 V (Reference 220 V) and reduces THD from $1.82 \%$ to $0.92 \%$, meeting IEEE standards. This approach enhances microgrid stability and contributes to resilient, sustainable energy systems.