Advanced Grid Integration of EVs with V2G Capabilities: Power Management Across Diverse Distribution Networks

Electric Vehicles (EVs) play a crucial role in advancing environmental and economic sustainability, yet their widespread adoption poses risks to the electrical grid, including voltage instability and increased peak load stress. Research has highlighted the potential of V2G-enabled EV chargers to mitigate these issues by providing reactive power support to the grid. Despite these advancements, the impact of reactive power injection on different types of networks, such as resistive versus inductive distribution networks, remains inadequately studied. This paper addresses this gap by investigating how reactive power affects various low-voltage (LV) distribution networks, providing insights into optimizing EV integration and enhancing grid stability. The analysis employs a modified IEEE 13-bus network to evaluate the effects of V2G support by EVs across different network types. The results demonstrate a strong correlation between the type of distribution network and key performance metrics, including the grid's voltage profile, charging rates, and EV charging times. These findings emphasize the importance of considering distribution networks when assessing the potential benefits of V2G technology for grid stability and EV charging efficiency.