Impact of Microstrain and Dislocation Density on the Quality and Properties of MAPbI3 Perovskite Films

The study aims to improve the quality of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{MAPbI}_{3}$</tex>-based perovskite films by varying the MAI precursor concentration ratios using a sequential deposition method. The effect of microstrain and dislocation density on the film quality of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{MAPbI}_{3}$</tex> perovskite is investigated for various MAI precursor concentrations. However, the perovskite layer was prepared using the spin coating technique to achieve better structural properties. The main challenge is determining the optimal MAI precursor concentration ratio, which influences the final quality of the perovskite films. XRD measurements show that the crystal quality of the perovskite is improved by achieving the lowest microstrain and dislocation density. SEM results show that the perovskite material has relatively larger crystal grains, uniform surface coverage, and fewer pinholes.