Design, Simulation, and Analysis of Advanced Patch Antenna Using High-Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS)

In this paper, an advanced patch antenna was designed and developed for wideband application. It has a resonance frequency of 4.8 GHz and has been designed using a FR4_epoxy substrate with a dielectric constant <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\varepsilon$</tex> of 4.4 and height of 1.6 mm. C band frequencies were analyzed from 4 GHz to 8 GHz which are commonly used in satellite television and communication satellites, hence the width and length of the patch are 19.02 mm and 14.37 mm respectively with input impedance of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$243 \Omega$</tex>. The proposed antenna is useful in a number of applications notably satellite television broadcasting due to its effective resistance to signal degradation caused by rain. In the proposed antenna, the theoretical calculation set 4.8 GHz as the resonant frequency, and meticulous calculations were done to ascertain patch physical parameters of the patch, simulation results prove that the designed antenna encapsulates <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$C$</tex> band frequency as the simulation results show resonant frequency at 4.5 GHz hence a 10 % discrepancy between simulated and calculated results. The return loss achieved after several finetuning was at −0.61 dB.