Cooperative Game-Based Bidding and Profit Allocation Optimization for Renewable Energy Operators Considering Shared Energy Storage

In the context of China's dual carbon goals, renewable energy operators (REOs) are expected to become key participants in the electricity market. However, under the mandatory energy storage configuration policy, REOs face high energy storage configuration costs, low energy storage utilization rates, and long cost recovery periods. Additionally, small-scale REOs without energy storage configurations encounter significant energy market deviation risks. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a cooperative game-based optimal bidding and profit allocation method for renewable energy operators considering shared energy storage. Firstly, a cooperative framework and operation model for shared energy storage among multiple REOs is proposed. Then, an optimal bidding model for the REOs cooperative alliance considering shared energy storage is established to maximize net profit from energy market participation, which takes into account the alliance's cooperative costs. Next, a cooperative game-based profit allocation model is proposed, which uses the nucleolus method to address the issue of profit allocation within the REO alliance. Finally, case studies on a cooperative alliance of six REOs with different installation scales demonstrates that the proposed method can reduce energy market deviation costs, improve REO bidding profits in the energy market, and enhance the utilization rate of energy storage devices.