LQR Regulation for an Optimal Performance of a Multi-Battery System

The opportunities for residential microgrids that can be disconnected from the main grid are becoming increasingly prevalent with the usage of solar power and energy storage systems. With this possibility comes the requirement of controlling and managing such systems. This study departs from economic optimization and instead focuses on the performance of batteries in relation to their state of charge (SOC). A multi-battery model designed to optimize the energy management of a residential system comprising an electric vehicle (EV), a stationary battery, and solar panels is presented. The proposed model extends the energy reservoir battery model to account for the interaction between two connected batteries. A linear quadratic regulator (LQR) strategy is proposed to optimally control the residential energy system. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the model in maintaining minimum power delivery to the residential load and EV, even in scenarios of varying solar input and load demand. The findings suggest potential applications in larger-scale systems, with recommendations for future improvements.