THE PROBLEM OF VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS UNDER MARTIAL LAW: ANALYSIS OF FORMS AND COUNTERACTION STRATEGIES

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon of violence against children in educational institutions, particularly in the context of martial law, which significantly exacerbates the problem. The essence and key characteristics of various types of violence most commonly encountered in the educational environment are identified, including physical, psychological, economic, and sexual violence, as well as its specific manifestations such as bullying, mobbing, cyberbullying, and cruel treatment of children. Bullying is defined as systematic aggression that includes physical, verbal, and social forms of violence among children within a collective. The article emphasizes the causes and consequences of bullying, especially in the context of martial law, where the level of stress and social tension among children increases. Mobbing is analyzed as a group form of psychological harassment based on victim isolation, constant insults, social exclusion, and organized harassment, which may persist over a long period and have severe psychological consequences.Special attention is given to cyberbullying – a form of violence carried out through electronic communications.The article examines socio-legal mechanisms for preventing violence in educational institutions, including measures that can be implemented by teachers, school administrators, parents, and government authorities. The necessity of providing psychological support for children who have experienced violence, developing programs for the social integration of displaced children, training teachers to work in crisis conditions, and adopting a comprehensive approach to violence prevention is substantiated.The study is based on the latest research findings, legislative acts of Ukraine, and international experience in combating violence in educational institutions. The approaches proposed in the article will help reduce the level of violence in the educational environment and create safe conditions for children’s learning and development.