Analysis of the Adaptation Strategies of Farmers in the Savannah Region of Northern Togo against Rainfall Disturbances

Rainfall variability in sub-Saharan Africa has significant impacts on the mental health of farmers. These realities compel farmers in the savannahs of northern Togo to develop adjustment strategies that promote resilience and reduce mental suffering. However, in the African context, very little attention is given to the psychological adaptation of producers. This study aims to analyze farmers’ adaptation strategies to rainfall shocks, focusing on the endogenous mechanisms developed by this population. The study was conducted with 66 members of agricultural cooperatives and 24 individual farmers from the prefectures of Tône, Tandjoaré, and Oti in the savannah region, using purposive sampling. Data collection was based on semi-structured interview guides through focus groups and individual interviews in the various villages where the informants reside. The collected data were first transcribed using Transcriptor 202.8.8 and organized into texts according to the forms of adaptation strategies. These texts were then subjected to semantic and discourse analysis. In response to the agricultural crisis, one cohort of producers opts for endogenous measures that strengthen their self-esteem and self-confidence, seek social and family support, and promote group affiliations. Conversely, the second cohort adopts inappropriate behaviors characterized by behavioral coping strategies involving substance abuse and suicidal tendencies. These strategies offer a community-based model focused on support, resilience, prevention, and mental well-being to guide agricultural and development policies. Keywords: Mental Adaptation, Farmers, Rainfall Disruption, Northern Togo