Comparative analysis on radiation efficiency enhancement of innovative T shape isotropic antenna using ITO substrate with FR4 substrate

The objective is to assess the functionality and enhance the radiation efficiency of a novel isotropic T-shape antenna by comparing its performance with that of a FR4 substrate.Materials and methods: In this study, we employ the HFSS program to develop and compare two different substrates-the ITO Substrate and the FR4 Substrate-for an innovative isotropic T-shaped antenna.There are a total of 20 samples, with 10 from each of the two groups (ITO Substrate and FR4 Substrate).The tests were conducted with a G-power of 80% and an alpha value of 0.05.Results: In the 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz frequency bands, the innovative isotropic T-shaped antenna with an ITO substrate has an average radiation efficiency of 0.4600, while the isotropic T-shaped antenna with a FR4 substrate has an average radiation efficiency of 0.4400.The results of the independent samples t-tests show that the radiation levels of the two substrates differ significantly, with a 2 tailed significance level of 0.001 (p<0.05).Conclusion: Results show that compared to FR4 substrate, T-shaped isotropic antennas with ITO substrates work much better.