Application of a novel medical fluoride applicator device to coat enamel

Background: Current methods for applying fluoride to deciduous teeth have limitations, such as uneven distribution and patient discomfort, highlighting the need for improved techniques. This study was designed to explore the fluorination efficacy of a newly designed medical fluoride applicator on deciduous teeth, aiming to establish a theoretical foundation for its clinical application. Methods: In total, 120 extracted deciduous teeth were randomly assigned to experimental (M10, M20) and control groups (T10, T20). In the experimental groups, a medical fluoride applicator was used to apply 3M ESPE Clinpro™ White Varnish (5% sodium fluoride), while the control groups employed a traditional small brush. Groups M10 and T10 received fluoride application for 10 seconds, whereas groups M20 and T20 were treated for 20 seconds. Six teeth from each group were randomly selected and analyzed at 12, 24 and 48 hours post-application. Scanning electron microscopy were observed enamel surfaces and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were analyzed the atomic percentages (at%) of carbon (C), oxygen (O), fluoride (F), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si), phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca). Results: Enamel surfaces in the experimental groups exhibited rougher textures, with mineral deposits occluding most pore structures. In contrast, control group specimens displayed numerous open pores. Fluoride concentration on the enamel surface was significantly higher in the experimental groups compared to controls (p < 0.05), with greater fluoride retention observed at 24 and 48 hours relative to 12 hours (p < 0.05). Additionally, samples treated for 20 seconds demonstrated higher fluoride content than those treated for 10 seconds (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The novel medical fluoride applicator significantly enhances fluoride deposition on enamel compared to traditional methods. Its potential advantages in application efficiency, user comfort, and clinical feasibility warrant further validation and broader implementation in dental practice.