Instructional effectiveness, learners’ motivation, and engagement: Basis for an action plan

The impact of instructional effectiveness on Key Stage 2 learners' engagement is a critical area of inquiry, particularly when considering the mediating role of learner motivation. This study examined the relationship between instructional effectiveness and learner engagement, with learner motivation as a mediating factor, among Key Stage 2 pupils in Calape District, Bohol (SY 2024–2025). Using a descriptive-explanatory design, data were gathered from 330 learners and 72 teachers through structured questionnaires. Results showed that while teachers were perceived as highly effective and learners reported high motivation and engagement, no significant relationship was found between instructional effectiveness and learner motivation or engagement. However, there was a strong positive correlation between learner motivation and engagement. These findings highlight the crucial role of motivation in driving learner engagement, suggesting that instructional effectiveness alone is not enough without proper motivational support. An action plan was developed to integrate motivational strategies into instructional practices.