Extraction and Antibacterial Activity of Chemical Components from <i>Delphinium </i><i>albocoeruleum</i> Maxim.

我国中医药文化历史悠久，白蓝翠雀花作为一味重要药材，主产于甘肃、青海、四川、西藏等高海拔地区，一般使用全草入药，具有清热燥湿功效，传统中医常将其用于痢疾、肠炎等临床治疗。通过文献可知，翠雀属植物中的主要成分为二萜生物碱和黄酮，但目前国内外缺乏对白蓝翠雀花化学成分的研究，故而本研究针对该物种分别使用薄层色谱法、硅胶柱层析法、高效液相色谱法等方法相互结合，分离并鉴定其中所含主要的化学成分。本研究共得到8个单体化合物，通过鉴定可知其分别为3个生物碱和5个黄酮类化合物，并使用滤纸片法检验其抑菌活性。发现这些化合物均对大肠杆菌有明显的抑制作用，但对枯草芽孢杆菌和其他真菌的抑制效果不好。China has a long history of traditional Chinese medicine culture. Delphinium albocoeruleum Maxim., an important medicinal herb, is mainly produced in high-altitude regions such as Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, and Xizang. The whole herb is commonly used as a medicine, possessing the efficacy of clearing heat and drying dampness. Traditional Chinese medicine practitioners often apply it in clinical treatments for diseases such as dysentery and enteritis. Literature review indicates that the primary components of plants in the Delphinium genus are diterpenoid alkaloids and flavonoids. However, there is currently a lack of research on the chemical components of D. albocoeruleum both domestically and internationally. Therefore, this study employed a combination of methods including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), silica gel column chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to isolate and identify the main chemical components. A total of 8 monomeric compounds were obtained in this study. Through identification, they were confirmed as 3 alkaloids and 5 flavonoid compounds. The antibacterial activity of these compounds was tested using the filter paper disc method. The results showed that all these compounds exhibited significant inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli, but had poor inhibitory effects on Bacillus subtilis and other fungi.