Unraveling the structure-activity relationship of triazine-fused energetic molecules: Targeted performance modulation through substituent effects

This study preliminarily investigates the structure-activity relationships of novel [5,6]-fused ring energetic materials derived from the 6-nitro-7-azido-pyrazol[3,4- d ][1,2,3]triazine 2-oxide (ICM-103) skeleton, emphasizing the role of functional group substitution in tailoring key properties such as detonation performance and mechanical sensitivity. Strategic incorporation of nitrogen-rich substituents (e.g., hydrazine, guanidine) into the 1,2,3-triazine 2-oxide framework yielded compounds with diverse performance characteristics. Notably, compound 2 demonstrates energy performance ( D = 8916 m·s -1 and P = 36.80 GPa) comparable to RDX, yet with lower mechanical sensitivity (IS = 37 J). Theoretical calculations show that the properties of the substituents themselves and their coupling with the molecular skeleton jointly determine the key properties of the target molecules. This study provides a framework for the customized design of energetic materials by linking the chemical properties of substituents with the performance parameters of target molecules. These findings highlight the potential of local molecular structural modification driven by structure-activity relationship analysis in promoting the development of next-generation energetic materials and lay a solid foundation for future research in this field. • A simple and efficient strategy for developing new energetic molecules is proposed. • A series of 5 , 6 fused-ring energetic molecules were synthesized via a simple process. • The properties of target energetic molecules can be regulated.