The Impact of Social Isolation on Depression in Older Adults : The Mediating Effects of Dysfunctional Meta-cognition

Purpose: This study focused on social isolation and dysfunctional meta-cognition as key factors in explaining depression among older adults. It aimed to examine the effect of social isolation on depression in the elderly, and particularly to determine whether dysfunctional meta-cognition plays a mediating role in this relationship. The ultimate purpose was to propose cognitive intervention strategies to promote mental health in older adults. Methods: A survey was conducted among 150 older adults aged 60 and above living in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk regions, with 138 responses used for final analysis. The main variables were social isolation, depression, and dysfunctional meta-cognition. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS Macro 3.4.1 (Model 4), employing correlation analysis, regression analysis, and mediation analysis. Results: Social isolation and depression in older adults showed a significant positive correlation. Dysfunctional meta-cognition also showed significant positive correlations with both social isolation and depression. Regression analysis indicated that both social isolation and dysfunctional meta-cognition had significant positive effects on depression. Mediation analysis confirmed that the indirect effect of social isolation on depression via dysfunctional meta-cognition was statistically significant. Conclusion: The study confirmed that social isolation in older adults not only directly influences depression but also indirectly affects it through dysfunctional meta-cognition. This suggests the presence of an internal cognitive mechanism that intensifies negative emotions in older adults. These findings imply that enhancing cognitive self-regulation through community-based activities and psychoeducational programs may be effective in preventing depression among the elderly.