Triglycerides Detection and Research Progress in Metabolic Diseases

甘油三酯(Triglyceride, TG)是生物体内主要的中性脂质之一，在细胞生长、新陈代谢及生理功能调控中发挥关键作用，其含量及分子组成的异常变化与多种代谢性疾病密切相关，如动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病和肥胖等。本文综述了当前生物样本中TG检测的方法，主要包括化学法、酶法、红外光谱、核磁共振、直接进样质谱、气相色谱–质谱(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, GC-MS)和液相色谱–质谱(Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, LC-MS)，重点探讨LC-MS在TG定性定量分析中的应用。同时分析比较了各方法的优缺点及适用性，展望TG检测技术未来的发展趋势。此外，本文结合近年研究，讨论了TG分子种类在代谢性疾病中的研究进展。Triglycerides (TG), as one of the key neutral lipids, play vital roles in cellular growth, metabolism, and physiological regulation. Altered TG levels and molecular composition are closely associated with metabolic diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, and obesity. This review summarizes current TG detection methods in biological samples, such as chemical/enzymatic assays, IR, NMR, DI-MS, GC-MS, and LC-MS, with emphasis on LC-MS-based qualitative/quantitative analysis. We compare their advantages, limitations, and applicability while envisioning future technological trends. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances in TG molecular species and their implications in metabolic disorders.