Design of a High-Gain Phased Array Antenna with Wide-Area Coverage for 5G Airborne Applications

机载5G ATG (Air-to-Ground)通信系统作为实现地空高速连接的关键技术，其核心部件——相控阵天线的性能直接影响着整个系统的通信质量和容量。本文针对机载5G ATG系统的特殊需求，设计并实现了一种高增益、大角度覆盖的相控阵天线方案。首先分析了机载5G ATG系统对天线的性能需求，并针对平台限制、复杂空域环境特性等挑战，提出了相应的解决方案。在天线设计方面，采用新型天线结构，实现了低剖面和高增益的特性；在波束赋形方面，提出了一种基于改进粒子群算法的波束赋形方法，有效提高了天线抗干扰能力和波束指向精度；在射频组件设计方面，采用高集成度、低功耗的芯片方案，满足了机载平台对尺寸和功耗的严格要求。最后，搭建了测试平台，对天线的性能进行了测试验证。结果表明，该天线方案具有良好的辐射特性、波束覆盖能力，能够满足机载5G ATG系统的应用需求。The 5G ATG (Air-to-Ground) communication system serves as a pivotal technology for establishing high-speed air-ground connectivity, where the performance of its core component—the phased array antenna—directly impacts the overall communication quality and system capacity. To address the unique requirements of airborne 5G ATG systems, this study designs and implements a high-gain, wide-angle coverage phased array antenna solution. First, the performance demands of antennas for airborne 5G ATG systems are analyzed and targeted solutions are proposed to overcome challenges such as platform constraints and complex airspace environmental conditions. In terms of antenna design, a novel antenna structure is adopted to achieve both low-profile characteristics and high gain. In terms of beamforming, an improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-based beamforming method is proposed to significantly enhance anti-interference capability and beam-pointing accuracy. In terms of RF component design, a highly integrated, low-power chipset solution is adopted to meet stringent size and power consumption requirements for airborne platforms. Finally, a test platform is established to validate the antenna’s performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed solution exhibits excellent radiation characteristics and beam coverage, fully satisfying the application requirements of airborne 5G ATG systems.