CONTEMPORARY MIGRATION PROCESSES IN AFRICA

Objective. The objective of this work is to elucidate the role of objective factors in shaping migration processes on the African continent and to analyze contemporary migration processes, including their dynamics, structure, and geography. Methodology. The methodology is based on the application of general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis of information, as well as statistical analysis methods, to reveal the dynamics and structure of migration processes. Results. Migration processes on the African continent for the period 2020-2024 have been characterized, and the influence of objective factors on the formation and nature of migration flows — such as economic, political (conflicts), security, ecological-climatic, social, and demographic factors — has been revealed. An increasing impact of conflicts and natural disasters on the positive dynamics of forced migrant flows is observed, particularly in sub-Saharan countries. It has been established that, similar to previous periods, the predominance of internal migration flows over external (emigration) remains stable in Africa. The majority of migrants settle in neighboring countries, often facilitated by ethnic unity and similar environmental conditions that allow for maintaining livelihoods. Established migration corridors, both for emigration and internal movements, continue to operate, which partially enables countries to coordinate efforts in migration policy. Scientific Novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the comprehensive analysis of the factors influencing the formation of migration processes on the African continent. Changes in the correlation of influencing factors have been identified; specifically, the impact of political and security factors has intensified due to an increase in conflicts, as has the growing influence of natural environment changes under the impact of climatic factors (desertification, floods, and inundations). Overall, the positive dynamics of migration correlate with similar global indicators. Practical Significance. Migration processes, as a dynamic and multifactorial phenomenon, significantly influence the socio-economic, political, and ethno-religious situation in African countries. They require regulation based on monitoring, which is part of both the internal and international policies of African states. Strengthening the African vector of Ukraine's foreign policy necessitates the formation of a systematic informational basis for decision-making in the realm of international relations. Research into social processes in African countries, of which migration processes are a component, should contribute to this goal.