Investigation of Antibacterial Properties and Healing Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Nettle Extract for Treating Burn Infections in Mice

Background: Infections in burns caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are prevalent and may result in severe health issues. Conventional treatments often struggle with bacterial resistance, highlighting the need for alternative approaches. Due to their strong antimicrobial properties, silver nanoparticles have attracted significant attention. The eco-friendly synthesis of these nanoparticles using plant extracts, such as Urtica dioica, is emerging as a promising strategy. This study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles using U. dioica extract through a green method and evaluate their antimicrobial activity and wound healing effects against burn infections. Methods: Acetonic extracts of U. dioica were mixed with silver nitrate to produce silver nanoparticles. Their synthesis was confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The antimicrobial potential of the nanoparticles and plant extract was evaluated using minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. Rats with burn wounds infected by bacteria were treated with ointments containing either the nanoparticles or the plant extract. Results: Silver nanoparticles synthesized from U. dioica showed strong antibacterial effects against all three bacterial strains, while the extract alone was effective only against S. aureus and E. coli. The nanoparticles also demonstrated superior wound healing effects compared to the extract. Conclusion: Silver nanoparticles demonstrated superior antimicrobial and wound healing properties compared to U. dioica extract, making them a strong candidate for burn infection treatment. However, silver nanoparticles are more effective against a broader range of bacteria and demonstrate enhanced wound healing potential, making them strong candidates for treating burn infections.