Issues of Minorities in India and Afghanistan: A comparative analysis of Particular Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTGs), and Hazara Group

This research paper is an analysis and examines the systemic marginalisation of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTGs) in India and the Hazara community in Afghanistan, focusing on their socio-economic, cultural, and political challenges. In Afghanistan, Hazaras face severe persecution under Taliban rule, including targeted killings and violence, political exclusion, cultural erasure, and restricted access to education and economic opportunities, rooted in historical ethnic tensions and exacerbated by the 2021 Taliban resurgence. In India, PVTGs , comprising 75 distinct communities, endure extreme socio-economic deprivation, characterized by low literacy, declining populations, geographic isolation, limited access to healthcare and livelihood, compounded displacement, and cultural disconnect. Despite differing contexts – authoritarian repression in Afghanistan and systemic neglect within India's democratic framework – groups experience exclusion, loss of cultural identity, and barriers to basic rights. The analysis underscores the urgency of addressing intersectional vulnerabilities – gender, caste, indignity, and religion – to ensure equitable development and human rights protection, aligning with global frameworks like the UN sustainable development goals.