Development of a Solid Phase Microextraction Method WITH Carbon Fiber for Extraction and Preconcentration of 1,4-Dioxane FROM Cosmetic SAMPLES

Background & Aims: 1,4-Dioxane, a cyclic ether commonly employed in chemical and syntheses processes as a solvent, is now a probable human carcinogen.It is frequently found as a byproduct of detergents and personal care products, so reliable analytical methods to locate and quantify it in cosmetics are important for compliance, regulatory, and public health reasons. Materials & Methods:We developed an optimized headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method that has the modified carbon fiber as the extraction phase when coupled with GC-FID.The analytical method also allows us to take the best of liquid-liquid extraction and HS-SPME together for better sensitivity in cosmetic matrices. Results:The method provided adequate sensitivity, detection limit (LOD) of 0.4 g/kg and quantitation limit (LOQ) of 1.2 g/kg.The linear dynamic range was 1.5-300 g/kg, R > 0.999, precision of 5.8% as RSD at 25 g/kg, n=6.The carbon fiber modified with aniline/pyrrole/graphene oxide extraction phase had longer extraction times, but was more efficient than conventional fibers due to its - modified interactions as well as more areas of contact and surface hydrophobicity.Conclusion: This method for the headspace solid-phase microextration-gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (HS-SPME-GC-FID) provides a sensitive, reliable, and solvent free method for monitoring, locating, and quantifying 1,4-dioxane in cosmetics to comply with regulatory standards of monitoring carcinogens.The modified carbon fiber exhibits exceptional performance for tracelevel extraction of this challenging analyte.