Climate change and its role in plant health and disease dynamics

Climate change is due to the concentration of greenhouse gases (CHG) and increased human activity. It is projected that CO2 concentration and temperature will rise to 1250 ppm and 3.4 °C, respectively, by 2095. In changing climatic conditions, most cereal, vegetable, and fruit crops are affected by biological and non-biotic factors. Changes in climatic variables directly affect the distribution and migration pattern of diseases, reproduction and development of pathogens, breaking of host plant resistance, decrease in survivability of bioagents, lowering the population of natural enemies, affecting endophyte–plant interactions, and affecting the efficacy of pesticides by changing of plant morphology. This overview focuses on discussing various aspects of the climate factors affecting plant disease.