Research on a Simplified Estimation Method for Wheel Rolling Resistance on Unpaved Runways

Aiming at the practical difficulties (e.g., high cost of full-scale tests) in testing the rolling resistance of aircraft wheels on unpaved runways, this study establishes a theoretical calculation formula for wheel rolling resistance based on the Bekker model, following an analysis of the development and application of wheel–soil interaction models. Global sensitivity analysis using the Sobol’ method was performed on the theoretical formula to derive a simplified calculation model. Aircraft load simulation tests under 80 kN, 100 kN, and 120 kN loading conditions were conducted using a specialized loading vehicle to determine parameters for the simplified prediction model. The resistance values obtained from this model were then applied to calculate aircraft takeoff roll distance. The accuracy of resistance estimation was verified by comparing the calculated results with takeoff distances reported in relevant literature. This research provides a novel approach for estimating wheel rolling resistance of transport aircraft on unpaved runways and offers valuable reference for determining the required length of unpaved runways.