Blood-brain barrier-associated serum proteins as potential diagnostic biomarkers of epilepsy aetiology

Serum levels of MMP-9, MMP-2, and P-selectin are elevated in patients with structural-metabolic epilepsy in the interictal period, which may indicate persistent impairment of the vascular part of the BBB. Serum level of TSP-2 was elevated in patients with genetic epilepsy, which may suggest its impact on synaptogenesis. Our study underlines the complexity of epilepsy, and indicates that different molecules participate in BBB disruption/restoration and neuroinflammation in different aetiological subgroups of epilepsy.