Methods of complex ecological and hygienic monitoring of water bodies

One of the global problems of modern humanity is the pollution of surface and underground water sources. To ensure hygienic safety, it is promising to conduct comprehensive ecological and hygienic monitoring of water bodies. The article provides an overview of modern methods for assessing the quality of water sources, presented in the databases of the scientific electronic library e-library, Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed. Comprehensive ecological and hygienic monitoring of water sources is a combination of traditional chemical and physical methods of analysis and conducting a biotesting procedure. Traditional methods of sanitary and chemical analysis do not always provide an opportunity to fully assess the hygienic safety of a reservoir, since the synergistic effects and toxic effects of chemical pollutants transformation products in the aquatic environment are not taken into account. It is promising to use a system of biological test objects belonging to various systematic groups and trophic levels of living organisms (ciliates, daphnia, algae, human and animal cells). First of all, it is necessary to use certified biotesting methods. During monitoring, biotesting of water samples is carried out first, and then, if acute toxicity is detected, the samples are subjected to quantitative and qualitative chemical analysis to identify toxic substances. Bioindication methods are used as additional methods. They allow us to identify early violations of the aquatic ecosystem, which after a while will lead to the inability to use the reservoir for household purposes. Compared with traditional methodological approaches, the advantage of integrated environmental and hygienic monitoring lies in the possibility of rapid assessment of acute toxicity, which is very important for ensuring the hygienic safety of the population in various emergency situations.