Behavioral and Propagation-Based Analysis of APT Attacks for Effective Attack Attribution

Various advanced persistent threat (APT) groups are emerging with different tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) for targeting enterprises and organizations. Traditional methods that use either static or dynamic analysis might struggle to detect polymorphic and packed zero-day attacks. In this paper, we propose an approach that allows mal ware analysts to consider all aspects of an attack, including not just sample analysis but also a view into TTP-based attack vectors. By correlating observed TTPs with known threat intelligence, our approach facilitates attack attribution, helping analysts identify the threat actor behind an attack campaign. We applied our approach to a recent APT attack by the Black Basta group on Keytronics, which utilized unique delivery mechanisms for initial access. This paper then describes the entire attack vector, explaining how email bombing was used to deliver payloads like SystemBC and Black Basta ransomware. We also list the indicators of compromise, command and control traffic, persistence mechanisms, detection rules, and other unique identifiers from this attack campaign. By integrating sample-based analysis with TTP-based attack vector examination, our approach enhances existing attribution methods, providing a more comprehensive perspective on APT attack strategies.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Published
2025-04-24
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1109/isdfs65363.2025.11012042
Citations
2
Primary Topic
Information and Cyber Security
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
6.49
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Behavioral and Propagation-Based Analysis of APT Attacks for Effective Attack Attribution

Ahmad Almulhem, Mohammed Rauf Ali Khan
2 citations
Information and Cyber Security
6.49
article

Behavioral and Propagation-Based Analysis of APT Attacks for Effective Attack Attribution

Ahmad Almulhem, Mohammed Rauf Ali Khan
article en
2 citations

Abstract

Various advanced persistent threat (APT) groups are emerging with different tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) for targeting enterprises and organizations. Traditional methods that use either static or dynamic analysis might struggle to detect polymorphic and packed zero-day attacks. In this paper, we propose an approach that allows mal ware analysts to consider all aspects of an attack, including not just sample analysis but also a view into TTP-based attack vectors. By correlating observed TTPs with known threat intelligence, our approach facilitates attack attribution, helping analysts identify the threat actor behind an attack campaign. We applied our approach to a recent APT attack by the Black Basta group on Keytronics, which utilized unique delivery mechanisms for initial access. This paper then describes the entire attack vector, explaining how email bombing was used to deliver payloads like SystemBC and Black Basta ransomware. We also list the indicators of compromise, command and control traffic, persistence mechanisms, detection rules, and other unique identifiers from this attack campaign. By integrating sample-based analysis with TTP-based attack vector examination, our approach enhances existing attribution methods, providing a more comprehensive perspective on APT attack strategies.

King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (SA)
Openalex Percentile: Top 4%
Information and Cyber Security
6.49
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.