Performance Analysis of RIS-Assisted V2X Communication over FR1 and FR2 Frequency Bands with Keyhole Effect

This paper examines the effects of adverse weather conditions, like rain and keyhole effect, on the performance of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication systems operating at 6 GHz (FR1) as well as 28 GHz (FR2, n257 band)-key frequencies in future wireless networks for selfdriving vehicles and intelligent transport systems. Millimeter wave bands such as 28 GHz have high susceptibility to signal degradation because of environmental factors. The present study evaluates vital metrics including signal attenuation, path loss effect, and communication reliability over the channel through simulations performed under realistic Nakagami-m fading scenarios. To mitigate this problem, the paper discusses the feasibility of incorporating Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) as an innovative solution to combat weatherinduced signal degradation and improve network resilience. The results demonstrate severe performance degradations at 28 GHz in inclement weather conditions, which shows that the RIS can significantly improve signal quality by reducing attenuation and increasing the reliability of signal information that could be useful for developing robust V2X communication systems resilient to weather effects.