Review of underwater drones vibration propulsion

The vibration propulsion system is an innovative and contemporary approach used in underwater drones. The technique of mechanical vibrations generating motion is accompanied with advantages such as compactness, low power consumption and silent operation, making it highly suitable for underwater applications. This article reviews the basic principles, application, benefits and challenges of vibration propulsion. The guiding principles, reference analytical expressions and general materials distinguished in the described technology are summarized. Relevant vibratory model is presented and analyzed in terms of piezoelectric materials and resulting displacement. Future studies are discussed.