Fargesia nana (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new bamboo species from Yunnan, China

<i>Fargesianana</i> (Bambusoideae), a new bamboo species is described and illustrated from Wuding County, Yunnan, China. Based on careful comparison of morphological features and molecular phylogeny evidence, we confirmed its identity as a new member of the genus <i>Fargesia</i>. The morphology of this new species is similar to <i>F.fractiflexa</i> and <i>Yushaniapolytricha</i>, but differs in its ratio of culm leaf sheath length to internode length, shape of blade, foliage leaf dimensions, and distinct transverse veins. Hitherto, this new species is the smallest of <i>Fargesia</i> species found and recorded. According to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2024), it meets the criteria to be listed as Critically Endangered (CR).