Single-Pass Albumin Dialysis (SPAD) as a Therapeutic Extracorporeal Liver Support in a Low-Resource Setting: Case Report and Literature Review

Acute liver failure, a condition marked by high mortality, leads to a loss of liver function that impairs the detoxification of substances such as bilirubin, ammonia, and lactate, as well as the liver's synthetic functions, causing damage to other organs. New extracorporeal therapies, including single-pass albumin dialysis (SPAD), have been developed to support liver function. We present a case of a 25-year-old male with no significant past medical history who presented with multiple organ failure and acute kidney injury that required continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) with continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF), necessitating SPAD for the treatment of the liver failure.