Contact Forces in the Gait Cycle: The Role of Different Materials

This study analyzes the effects of different materials used in exoskeleton design on contact forces. By examining the maximum, mean, and variance values of contact forces during the stance and swing phases of the walking cycle, the role of material selection in joint health and user comfort has been evaluated. The findings indicate that Stainless Steel exhibits the highest contact forces due to its high rigidity, making it advantageous for applications requiring high durability. However, this increased rigidity may also elevate joint stress, potentially leading to long-term comfort issues. Materials such as A Glass, Hexcel, and Aluminum Alloy provide both durability and a certain degree of flexibility, thereby optimizing load distribution. In contrast, low-density and flexible materials such as C Graphite and Thornel generate lower contact forces, offering advantages in preserving joint health. Load distribution on the femur and tibia varies depending on material selection, and forces on the tibia have been found to fluctuate according to different gait phases. Overall, the study emphasizes that exoskeleton system design should not only prioritize mechanical durability but also consider long-term user comfort. These findings highlight that selecting an optimal material to protect joint health is a critical factor for exoskeleton performance and user experience.