High Capacity Reversible Watermarking Technique for Electronic Patient Record Embedding and Healthcare Imaging Authentication

Over the past 10 years, improvements in communication and health services have led to a substantial growth of interest in the online sharing of patient data and medical imaging. Confidential information is vulnerable to manipulation and attacks when it is transferred via unsecure channels, like the internet. This work presents a high-payload and adjustable fragile watermarking method that conceals patient data while guaranteeing the authenticity of medical images. The global watermark is created by merging all the Electronic Patient Records (EPR) with a verification watermark that is first created using the patient original image. For improving the security and to assure patient information privacy, chaotic Chen system approach is being used watermark encryption. Later, the medical image under analysis is subjected to transformation from one domain (time) to another domain (frequency) using Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). Later, embed the encrypted watermark over the transformed image. The outcomes of the experiment show that the suggested approach produces excellent watermarked images. quality, with an SSIM near 1 and a PSNR over 113 dB, all the while providing complete reversibility and a high payload of 3.1 Bits Per Pixel (BPP). Furthermore, the suggested model achieves 0.0003 % of Bit Error Rate, effectively perfect extraction of watermark correctness and shows strong sensitivity to attacks.