Human Blockage Modelling in mmWave Link

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication offers high data rates and low latency, making it essential for next-generation wireless networks. However, its reliance on line-of-sight (LoS) propagation makes it highly susceptible to human blockage, leading to severe signal attenuation, increased path loss, and reduced link reliability. This paper explores the use of Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS) as a solution to mitigate these issues. IRS consists of reconfigurable passive elements that intelligently reflect signals to bypass obstacles, enhancing connectivity in blocked environments. A MATLAB-based simulation framework is developed using ray-tracing algorithms to model path loss and blockage effects. The impact of IRS is evaluated through key performance metrics, including Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Bit Error Rate (BER), Spectral Efficiency, and Path Loss. Simulation results demonstrate that IRS significantly improves signal quality and reliability in obstructed environments, mitigating path loss, improving reliability, enhancing spectral efficiency, and showcasing its potential to enhance mmWave communication performance in dynamic and complex real-world scenarios.